Can EV batteries be used as energy storage for tram networks?

This research considers using the EV battery as energy storage for the tram network is a promising option that could lead to better economic feasibility. Still, to provide a more reliable and comprehensive feasibility study for this exploitation, it requires further research on

Does the ESS provide its own energy to the tram?

Conversely, if the increase of E reg is less than the reduction of energy from E sub, then the ESS provides its own energy to the tram.

What are the advantages of art system over trams?

Its distinctive feature, the absence of tracks and overhead wires, grants the ART system advantages over trams, particularly in terms of flexibility, scalability, and adaptability to the environment. A prominent benefit of the ART system lies in its cost-effectiveness.

Should rail vehicles have onboard energy storage systems?

However, the last decade saw an increasing interest in rail vehicles with onboard energy storage systems (OESSs) for improved energy efficiency and potential catenary-free operation. These vehicles can minimize costs by reducing maintenance and installation requirements of the electrified infrastructure.

How can a bogie improve the low-floor area of a tram?

Similarly, the independent wheel power bogie with a depressed middle aisle can further enhance the low-floor area of the tram, and by configuring the power to be dispersed, the entire vehicle can be flexibly coupled. The schematic diagram of the bogie is shown in Fig. 4.

What is the body structure of art tram?

The body of the ART tram consists of an integrally load-bearing aluminum alloy welded body structure and a climate-resistant steel welded structure frame connected to the bogie respectively, as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Body structure diagram of ART tram.